Author: usha rani
A lathe is a machine tool which spins a block of material to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding,
knurling, drilling, or deformation with tools that are applied to the workpiece to create an object which has symmetry about an axis
of rotation.
Lathes are used in woodturning, metalworking, metal spinning, and glassworking. Lathes can be used to shape pottery, the best-known
design being the potter's wheel. Most suitably equipped metalworking lathes can also be used to produce most solids of revolution, plane
surfaces and screw threads or helices. Ornamental lathes can produce three-dimensional solids of incredible complexity. The material is
held in place by either one or two centers, at least one of which can be moved horizontally to accommodate varying material lengths.
Examples of objects that can be produced on a lathe include candlestick holders, cue sticks, table legs, bowls, baseball bats,
crankshafts and camshafts.
The lathe is an ancient tool, dating at least to the Egyptians and, known and used in Assyria, Greece, the Roman and Byzantine Empires.
The origin of turning dates to around 1300BC when the Egyptians first developed a two-person lathe. One person would turn the wood
work piece with a rope while the other used a sharp tool to cut shapes in the wood. The Romans improved the Egyptian design with the
addition of a turning bow. Early bow lathes were also developed and used in Germany, France and Britain. In the Middle Ages a pedal
replaced hand-operated turning, freeing both the craftsman's hands to hold the woodturning tools. The pedal was usually connected to a
pole, often a straight-grained sapling. The system today is called the "spring pole" lathe (see Polelathe). Spring pole lathes were in
common use into the early 20th Century. A two-person lathe, called a "great lathe", allowed a piece to turn continuously (like today's
power lathes). A master would cut the wood while an apprentice turned the crank.[1]